Prevalencia y correlatos de ideación suicida pasiva y activa en ingresantes de posgrado / Prevalence and correlates of passive and active suicidal ideation among students entering graduate courses / Prevalência e correlatos de ideação suicida passiva e ativa em ingressantes da pós-graduação

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ideación suicida pasiva y activa a lo largo de la vida en estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado. Método: estudio analítico y de diseño transversal, con una muestra compuesta por 321 estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial múltiple. Resultados: los análisis multivariados indican que la ideación suicida pasiva y activa tuvieron una prevalencia mayor y similar en los estudiantes de orientación sexual minoritaria, del sexo femenino, que realizaban actividad física diaria ≤ 30 minutos/día y sufrieron victimización por violencia psicológica en los últimos 12 meses. Los factores abuso de alcohol, las exigencias del posgrado stricto sensu no afectaron las relaciones familiares y baja autoestima se asociaron solo con la ideación suicida pasiva. A su vez, el consumo de marihuana en los últimos 30 días, no tener una buena relación interpersonal con sus pares académicos, ejercer la actividad profesional junto con las exigencias del posgrado se asociaron únicamente con ideación suicida activa. Conclusión: se identificó una alta prevalencia de ideación suicida pasiva y activa a lo largo de la vida en los estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado y se comprobó que hubo similitudes y diferencias entre algunos de los factores asociados a ambos resultados.

Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses. Method: an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation. Conclusion: high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à ideação suicida passiva e ativa ao longo da vida em estudantes ingressantes na pós-graduação. Método: estudo analítico e de delineamento transversal, amostra composta por 321 estudantes ingressantes da pós-graduação. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial múltipla. Resultados: análises multivariadas apontaram que ideação suicida passiva e ativa foram similarmente mais prevalentes entre estudantes de orientações sexuais minoritárias, do sexo feminino, que realizavam atividade física diária ≤ 30 minutos/dia e sofreram vitimização por violência psicológica nos últimos 12 meses. O abuso de álcool, o não prejuízo no relacionamento familiar por demandas da pós-graduação stricto sensu e a baixa autoestima foram associadas unicamente com ideação suicida passiva. Por sua vez, o consumo de maconha ocorrido nos últimos 30 dias, a falta de um relacionamento interpessoal satisfatório com seus pares acadêmicos e a prática da atividade profissional em concomitância com as demandas da pósgraduação foram associadas apenas com ideação suicida ativa. Conclusão: identificou-se alta prevalência de ideação suicida passiva e ativa ao longo da vida entre estudantes ingressantes na pós-graduação e verificou-se a ocorrência de similitudes e diferenças entre alguns fatores associados para ambos os desfechos.

Prevalence and correlates of passive and active suicidal ideation among students entering graduate courses. / Prevalencia y correlatos de ideación suicida pasiva y activa en ingresantes de posgrado.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses. METHOD: an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.

Attitudes towards suicidal behavior: the effect of an educational intervention on university professors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of university professors towards suicidal behavior. METHODS: Experimental study, which carried out an educational intervention with 100 university professors, divided into two groups, control and intervention, developed in three moments, pre-assessment, intervention, and post-assessment, using the Eskin's Attitudes Towards Suicide Scale (E-ATSS). Comparisons before and after intervention in the same group were performed using the paired t-test for dependent samples and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and for comparisons between groups the paired t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, the significance level adopted was p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was a change in the attitude of professors in the two domains of the suicide scale such as mental illness (p<0.001) and punishment after death (p<0.001) whose attitudes were negative in the pre-assessment phase. For the control group, no changes were observed. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention promoted positive changes in attitudes, with a significant change evaluated at the end of the intervention in the domains: suicide as mental illness and punishment after death.

Attitudes of health professionals towards suicidal behavior: an intervention study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of primary healthcare providers regarding patients with suicidal behavior. METHODS: Clinical trial randomized by clusters, with a sample of 261 healthcare professionals, from 22 health units selected by stratified sampling, were chosen and randomly allocated, by drawing, into two groups: intervention (n = 87) and control (n = 174). The participants of the intervention group were exposed to a 20-hour training on suicidal behavior. All 261 participants were evaluated before and after the intervention; the groups were compared to evaluate their attitude towards suicidal behavior using the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), an evaluation made by comparison of the means via t-Student test, for independent samples, and paired t-test, for dependent samples. RESULTS: The intervention group, in comparison to their evaluation before and after training, as well as in the comparison with the evaluation of the control group, showed statistically significant differences in attitudes towards suicidal behavior, according to the differences presented in the scores for the domains: "perception of professional capacity," in all four items; "negative feeling," in six of the seven items; and in the "right to commit suicide" domain, in three of the five items. CONCLUSION: The brief training developed in primary health care was effective to improve the attitudes of the participants who were part of the intervention group regarding patients with suicidal behavior.

Attitudes towards suicidal behavior: the effect of an educational intervention on university professors / Actitudes hacia el comportamiento suicida: el efecto de una intervención educativa en profesores universitarios / Atitudes frente ao comportamento suicida: o efeito de uma intervenção educativa em docentes universitários

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of university professors towards suicidal behavior. Methods: Experimental study, which carried out an educational intervention with 100 university professors, divided into two groups, control and intervention, developed in three moments, pre-assessment, intervention, and post-assessment, using the Eskin's Attitudes Towards Suicide Scale (E-ATSS). Comparisons before and after intervention in the same group were performed using the paired t-test for dependent samples and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and for comparisons between groups the paired t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, the significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Results: There was a change in the attitude of professors in the two domains of the suicide scale such as mental illness (p<0.001) and punishment after death (p<0.001) whose attitudes were negative in the pre-assessment phase. For the control group, no changes were observed. Conclusion: The educational intervention promoted positive changes in attitudes, with a significant change evaluated at the end of the intervention in the domains: suicide as mental illness and punishment after death.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre las actitudes de los profesores universitarios hacia la conducta suicida. Métodos: Estudio experimental, que realizó una intervención educativa con 100 docentes universitarios, divididos en dos grupos, control e intervención, desarrollado en tres momentos, preevaluación, intervención y posevaluación, utilizando la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Suicidio de Eskin (E -ATSS). Las comparaciones antes y después de la intervención en el mismo grupo se realizaron mediante la prueba t pareada para muestras dependientes y la prueba de rangos con signos de Wilcoxon, y para las comparaciones entre grupos se utilizó la prueba t pareada para muestras independientes y la prueba U-Mann.Whitney, el nivel de significación adoptado fue p < 0,05. Resultados: Hubo cambio en la actitud de los docentes en los dos dominios de la escala de suicidio como enfermedad mental (p<0,001) y castigo después de la muerte (p<0,001) cuyas actitudes fueron negativas en la fase de preevaluación. Para el grupo de control, no se observaron cambios. Conclusión: La intervención educativa promovió cambios positivos en las actitudes, con cambio significativo evaluado al final de la intervención en los dominios: suicidio como enfermedad mental y castigo después de la muerte.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa nas atitudes de docentes universitários frente ao comportamento suicida. Métodos: Estudo experimental, que realizou uma intervenção educativa com 100 docentes universitários, divididos em dois grupos, controle e intervenção, desenvolvido em três momentos, a pré-avaliação, intervenção e pós avaliação, utilizando a Escala Eskin de Atitudes em Relação ao Suicídio (E-ATSS). As comparações pré e pós-intervenção no mesmo grupo foram realizadas a partir do Teste t pareado para amostras dependentes e Teste de Postos com Sinais de Wilcoxon, e para comparações entre os grupos utilizou-se o Teste t pareado para amostras independentes e Teste U-Mann Whitney, nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Observou-se mudança de atitude dos docentes nos dois domínios da escala suicídio como doença mental (p< 0,001) e punição após a morte (p< 0,001) cujas atitudes eram negativas na fase pré-avaliação. Para o grupo controle não foram evidenciadas modificações. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa promoveu mudanças positivas de atitudes, com significativa alteração avaliada ao final da intervenção nos domínios: suicídio como doença mental e punição após a morte.

Attitudes of health professionals towards suicidal behavior: an intervention study / Atitudes dos profissionais de saúde frente a comportamento suicida: estudo de intervenção

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of primary healthcare providers regarding patients with suicidal behavior. METHODS Clinical trial randomized by clusters, with a sample of 261 healthcare professionals, from 22 health units selected by stratified sampling, were chosen and randomly allocated, by drawing, into two groups: intervention (n = 87) and control (n = 174). The participants of the intervention group were exposed to a 20-hour training on suicidal behavior. All 261 participants were evaluated before and after the intervention; the groups were compared to evaluate their attitude towards suicidal behavior using the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), an evaluation made by comparison of the means via t-Student test, for independent samples, and paired t-test, for dependent samples. RESULTS The intervention group, in comparison to their evaluation before and after training, as well as in the comparison with the evaluation of the control group, showed statistically significant differences in attitudes towards suicidal behavior, according to the differences presented in the scores for the domains: "perception of professional capacity," in all four items; "negative feeling," in six of the seven items; and in the "right to commit suicide" domain, in three of the five items. CONCLUSION The brief training developed in primary health care was effective to improve the attitudes of the participants who were part of the intervention group regarding patients with suicidal behavior.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre comportamento suicida nas atitudes dos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária. MÉTODO Ensaio clínico randomizado por conglomerados, com amostra de 261 profissionais de saúde, provenientes de 22 unidades de saúde selecionados por amostragem estratificada, elegidos e alocados aleatoriamente, mediante sorteio, em dois grupos: intervenção (n = 87) e controle (n = 174). Os participantes do grupo intervenção foram expostos a uma capacitação sobre comportamento suicida com duração de 20 horas. Todos os 261 participantes foram avaliados, antes e após a intervenção, e os grupos foram comparados para avaliar a atitude frente ao comportamento suicida utilizando o Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), avaliação feita por comparação das médias via teste t-Student para amostras independentes e Teste t pareado para amostras dependentes. RESULTADOS O grupo intervenção, na comparação intragrupos antes e depois da capacitação, bem como na comparação com o grupo controle, demonstrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas atitudes frente ao comportamento suicida, avaliadas a partir das diferenças de scores nos domínios: "percepção da capacidade profissional", em todos os quatro itens; "sentimento negativo", em seis dos sete itens; e no domínio "direito ao suicídio", três dos cinco itens. CONCLUSÃO A capacitação breve desenvolvida na atenção primária à saúde foi efetiva para a melhora das atitudes dos participantes que integravam o grupo intervenção frente ao comportamento suicida.

Factors associated with suicide risk among nurses and physicians: a cross-section study.

OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among nurses and physicians. METHOD: a cross-sectional study carried out at a university hospital with 216 health professionals, who answered a socio-demographic-labor questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing suicide risk, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21). The Poisson Regression Model was used for multiple analysis. RESULTS: it was identified that variables such as not having a partner, history of attempted suicide, stress and depression symptoms were statistically associated with suicide risk. The prevalence of lifelong suicide attempts among nurses was 9.41%, and among physicians, 2.29%. CONCLUSION: the findings of this investigation enable the understanding of suicidal behavior among hospital nurses and physicians, in addition to enabling the development of prevention strategies in order to reduce suicide risk prevalence in this population group.

Factors associated with suicide risk among nurses and physicians: a cross-section study / Factores asociados al riesgo de suicidio entre enfermeros y médicos: un estudio transversal / Fatores associados ao risco de suicídio entre enfermeiros e médicos: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among nurses and physicians. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out at a university hospital with 216 health professionals, who answered a socio-demographic-labor questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for assessing suicide risk, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21). The Poisson Regression Model was used for multiple analysis. Results: it was identified that variables such as not having a partner, history of attempted suicide, stress and depression symptoms were statistically associated with suicide risk. The prevalence of lifelong suicide attempts among nurses was 9.41%, and among physicians, 2.29%. Conclusion: the findings of this investigation enable the understanding of suicidal behavior among hospital nurses and physicians, in addition to enabling the development of prevention strategies in order to reduce suicide risk prevalence in this population group.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al riesgo de suicidio entre enfermeros y médicos. Método: estudio transversal, desarrollado en un hospital universitario con 216 profesionales de la salud, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico-laboral; el Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), para evaluar el riesgo de suicidio; Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS 21). El modelo de regresión de Poisson se utilizó para el análisis múltiple. Resultados: se identificó que variables como no tener pareja, antecedentes de intento de suicidio, síntomas de estrés y depresión se asociaron estadísticamente con el riesgo de suicidio. La prevalencia de intentos de suicidio de por vida entre enfermeras y médicos fue del 9,41% y del 2,29%. Conclusión: los hallazgos de esta investigación permiten comprender la conducta suicida entre enfermeros y médicos del área hospitalaria, además de posibilitar el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención con el fin de reducir la prevalencia de riesgo suicida en este grupo poblacional.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao risco de suicídio entre enfermeiros e médicos. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário com 216 profissionais da saúde, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico-laboral; ao Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), para avaliação do risco de suicídio; Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS 21). Utilizou-se para análise múltipla, o Modelo de Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: identificou-se que variáveis, como não ter companheiro, histórico de tentativa de suicídio, sintomas de estresse e depressão se associaram estatisticamente ao risco de suicídio. A prevalência das tentativas de suicídios ao longo da vida entre enfermeiros foi de 9,41% e médicos de 2,29%. Conclusão: Os achados desta investigação possibilitam a compreensão do comportamento suicida entre os enfermeiros e médicos da área hospitalar, além de viabilizar a elaboração de estratégias de prevenção com intuito de diminuir a prevalência do risco de suicídio nesse grupo populacional.